Reproductive and developmental toxicity of hydrofluorocarbons used as refrigerants

Reproductive Toxicology
Makoto EmaRyuichi Nagaosa

Abstract

The present paper summarizes data on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), including pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), difluoromethane (HFC-32) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), used as refrigerants, published in openly available scientific literature. No developmental toxicity of HFC-125 was found even at 50,000 ppm in rats or rabbits. Although HFC-134a exhibited no dominant lethal effect or reproductive toxicity in rats, it caused low body weight in pre- and postnatal offspring and slightly retarded skeletal ossification in fetuses at 50,000 ppm in rats. No maternal or developmental toxicity was noted after exposure to HFC-143a even at 40,000 ppm in rats or rabbits or HFC-152a even at 50,000 ppm in rats. HFC-32 is slightly maternally and developmentally toxic at 50,000 ppm in rats, but not in rabbits. HFC-245fa caused decreases in maternal body weight and food consumption at 10,000 and 50,000 ppm and fetal weight at 50 000ppm. No evidence of teratogenicity for these HFCs was noted in rats or rabbits. There is limited information about the reproductive toxicity of these HFCs. Animal ...Continue Reading

References

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Jun 1, 1996·Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·M K EllisT Green
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Citations

Dec 14, 2011·Toxicology Letters·Lena ErnstgårdGunnar Johanson
Nov 27, 2018·Critical Reviews in Toxicology·George M Rusch
Jan 22, 2011·Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·M NorvalJ C van der Leun
Aug 10, 2021·Frontiers in Genetics·Gabriela Elis WachholzLucas Rosa Fraga

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