Resident human cardiac stem cells: role in cardiac cellular homeostasis and potential for myocardial regeneration

Nature Clinical Practice. Cardiovascular Medicine
Daniele TorellaBernardo Nadal-Ginard

Abstract

Current treatments for myocardial infarction have significantly reduced the acute mortality of ischemic cardiomyopathy. This reduction has resulted in the survival of a large cohort of patients left with a significant 'myocyte deficit'. Once this deficit leads to heart failure there is no available therapy to improve long-term cardiac function. Recent developments in stem cell biology have focused on the possibility of regenerating contractile myocardial tissue. Most of these approaches have entailed the transplantation of exogenous cardiac-regenerating cells. Recently, we and others have reported that the adult mammalian myocardium, including that in humans, contains a small pool of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs) that can replenish the cardiomyocyte population and, in some cases, the coronary microcirculation. The human CSCs (hCSCs) are involved in maintaining myocardial cell homeostasis throughout life and participate in remodeling in cardiac pathology. They can be isolated, propagated and cloned. The progeny of a single cell clone differentiates in vitro and in vivo into myocytes, smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Surprisingly, in response to different forms of stress, hCSCs acquire a senescent, dysfunctional ph...Continue Reading

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