Resistance and tolerance to foreign elements by prokaryotic immune systems - curating the genome.

doi:10.1038/nri3910

PMID: 26494050DOI: 10.1038/nri3910Oct 24, 2015

Resistance and tolerance to foreign elements by prokaryotic immune systems - curating the genome.

Nature Reviews. Immunology

Gregory W Goldberg, Luciano A Marraffini

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Abstract

To engage in adaptive symbioses or genetic exchange, organisms must interact with foreign, non-self elements despite the risks of predation and parasitism. By surveying the interface between self and non-self, immune systems can help ensure the benevolence of these interactions without isolating their hosts altogether. In this Essay, we examine prokaryotic restriction-modification and CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced palindromic repeat-CRISPR-associated proteins) activities and discuss their analogy to mammalian immune pathways. We further explain how their capacities for resistance and tolerance are optimized to reduce parasitism and immunopathology during encounters with non-self.

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Related Concepts

Immune System

Natural Immunosuppression

Genome

Evolution, Molecular

Recombination, Interspecies

Adaptive Immune Response

CRISPR-Cas Systems

Genome

Immune Tolerance

Parasitic Diseases

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