Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: biomarkers and therapeutic strategies

Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology
Robert J Walsh, Ross A Soo

Abstract

The treatment landscape for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer has evolved greatly with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, many patients do not derive benefit from checkpoint blockade, developing either primary or secondary resistance, highlighting a need for alternative approaches to modulate immune function. In this review, we highlight the absence of a common definition of primary and secondary resistance and summarize their frequency and clinical characteristics. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance involving the tumor, the tumor microenvironment and the host, and suggest treatment strategies to overcome these mechanisms and improve clinical outcomes.

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Citations

Mar 2, 2021·Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology·Jingjing QuJianying Zhou
Aug 18, 2021·Lung Cancer : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·Panwen TianWeimin Li

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsy

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT03206073
NCT03723915
NCT02824965
NCT02043665
NCT02798406
NCT03597009
NCT02965716
NCT03256344
NCT03004183
NCT02364609

Software Mentioned

iRECIST
irRECIST

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