Abstract
An outbreak of a novel coronavirus, now named SARS-CoV-2, causing respiratory disease and a ~2% case fatality rate started in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Following unprecedented rapid global spread, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Although data on disease in humans are emerging at a steady pace, certain aspects of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 can only be studied in detail in animal models, where repeated sampling and tissue collection is possible. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 causes respiratory disease in infected rhesus macaques, with disease lasting 8-16 days. Pulmonary infiltrates, a hallmark of human disease, were visible in lung radiographs of all animals. High viral loads were detected in swabs from the nose and throat of all animals as well as in bronchoalveolar lavages; in one animal we observed prolonged rectal shedding. Taken together, the rhesus macaque recapitulates moderate disease observed in the majority of human cases. The establishment of the rhesus macaque as a model of COVID-19 will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease and will aid development and testing of medical countermeasures.
Citations
Apr 19, 2020·Science·Barry RockxBart L Haagmans
Oct 1, 2020·Scientific Reports·Yuan ZhaoXiaozhong Peng
Aug 21, 2020·Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy·Shuaiyao LuXiaozhong Peng
Jul 9, 2020·Cell Research·Chao ShanZhi-Ming Yuan
Jul 2, 2020·Virologica Sinica·Ashutosh SinghBikash Medhi
Sep 12, 2020·Cell Research·Shuai MaGuang-Hui Liu
Jul 4, 2020·Science·Wei DengChuan Qin
Aug 21, 2020·Mucosal Immunology·M D JohansenP M Hansbro
Aug 25, 2020·Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering·Jhinuk Basu MullickJanak Gaire
Apr 8, 2020·Science Translational Medicine·Timothy P SheahanRalph S Baric
Jul 14, 2020·Nature·Ann M ArvinHerbert W Virgin
Aug 23, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Joana DamasHarris A Lewin
Aug 5, 2020·Science Translational Medicine·Athri D RathnayakeKyeong-Ok Chang
Dec 1, 2020·Emerging Microbes & Infections·Kyle RosenkeHeinz Feldmann
Jan 1, 2021·PloS One·Dawn M DudleyDavid H O'Connor
Jun 21, 2020·Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc·Inga-Marie SchaeferLynette M Sholl
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Ahmed M AlluwaimiSalah Abohelaika
Dec 8, 2020·Virusdisease·Suresh KumarNagarajan Perumal
Apr 15, 2021·Epidemiology and Infection·Sedighe KarimzadehHuy Nguyen Tien
Apr 29, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Laura SolforosiRoland C Zahn
May 1, 2021·Cells·Jae-Won LeeSei-Ryang Oh
May 15, 2021·NPJ Vaccines·Ian McDonaldRosemary J Boyton
Jun 3, 2021·Vaccines·Paul E HarrisReid M Rubsamen
Jun 18, 2020·Molecular Medicine·Hannelore EhrenreichKamilla W Miskowiak
Jun 19, 2021·Genes and Immunity·Walter Gottlieb Land
Aug 29, 2021·Pathogens·Alejandro Pascual-IglesiasJose Angel Regla-Nava
Nov 3, 2021·Journal of Neurovirology·Atefeh BakhtazadMohammad Taghi Joghataei