Respiratory Mononuclear Phagocytes in Human Influenza A Virus Infection: Their Role in Immune Protection and As Targets of the Virus

Frontiers in Immunology
Sindhu VangetiAnna Smed-Sörensen

Abstract

Emerging viruses have become increasingly important with recurrent epidemics. Influenza A virus (IAV), a respiratory virus displaying continuous re-emergence, contributes significantly to global morbidity and mortality, especially in young children, immunocompromised, and elderly people. IAV infection is typically confined to the airways and the virus replicates in respiratory epithelial cells but can also infect resident immune cells. Clearance of infection requires virus-specific adaptive immune responses that depend on early and efficient innate immune responses against IAV. Mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs), comprising monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages, have common but also unique features. In addition to being professional antigen-presenting cells, MNPs mediate leukocyte recruitment, sense and phagocytose pathogens, regulate inflammation, and shape immune responses. The immune protection mediated by MNPs can be compromised during IAV infection when the cells are also targeted by the virus, leading to impaired cytokine responses and altered interactions with other immune cells. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that immune cells differ depending on their anatomical location and that it is important to stu...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 9, 2020·Journal of Leukocyte Biology·Mitchell KlompM Nadeem Khan
Aug 6, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Cynthia Calzas, Christophe Chevalier
Mar 11, 2021·Cell Reports·Elizabeth A ThompsonJonathan D Powell
May 30, 2021·The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine·Frank L van de VeerdonkPaul E Verweij
Jun 16, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Aaron J WilkCatherine A Blish

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsies
flow cytometry
bronchoalveolar lavage

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