Respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with hematological diseases: single-center study and review of the literature

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Nina KhannaHans H Hirsch

Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant mortality in patients with hematological diseases, but diagnosis and treatment are uncertain. We retrospectively identified RSV-infected patients with upper or lower respiratory tract infection (RTI) by culture, antigen testing, and polymerase chain reaction from November 2002 through April 2007. Patients with severe immunodeficiency (SID; defined as transplantation in the previous 6 months, T or B cell depletion in the previous 3 months, graft-versus-host disease [grade, >or=2], leukopenia, lymphopenia, or hypogammaglobulinemia) preferentially received oral ribavirin, intravenous immunoglobulin, and palivizumab. The remaining patients with moderate immunodeficiency (MID) preferentially received ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin. We identified 34 patients, 22 of whom had upper RTI (10 patients with MID and 12 with SID) and 12 of whom had lower RTI (2 with MID and 10 with SID). Thirty-one patients were tested by polymerase chain reaction (100% of these patients had positive results; median RSV load, 5.46 log(10) copies/mL), 30 were tested by culture (57% had positive results), and 25 were tested by antigen testing (40% had positive results). RSV-attributed mortality was...Continue Reading

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