Rethinking Suicide Risk With a New Generation of Suicide Theories.

Research and Theory for Nursing Practice
Tamara P Keefner, Thomas Stenvig

Abstract

Suicide is a global concern to nurses and other health-care providers. However, deaths by suicide are only part of the spectrum of suicide, as suicidal thinking and behaviors may precede a suicide attempt. Theoretical models are used infrequently in research to explain how the individual progresses from suicidal ideation to a suicide attempt. Thus, there is a critical need to advance the study of suicide with useful theoretical models to describe and explain processes whereby suicidal thoughts transition to attempts and to suicide. This article provides a conceptual discussion and scoping review comparing historical and contemporary ideation-to-action theories of suicide. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses from three databases (CINAHL, JSTOR, and PsychINFO) were reviewed to find literature describing suicide theories. Historically, theory applications have limited capacity to differentiate between those individuals with suicidal ideations and those who attempt suicide. Newer theories, grounded in the ideation-to-action framework, propose distinct processes explaining what moves an individual from suicidal ideations toward suicidal behaviors. The ideation-to-action theories can guide health-care providers' assessment of at-ris...Continue Reading

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