Rethinking the Reserve with a Translational Approach: Novel Ideas on the Construct and the Interventions

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD
Laura SerraCarlo Caltagirone

Abstract

The concept of brain, cognitive, and neural reserves has been introduced to account for the apparent discrepancies between neurological damage and clinical manifestations. However, these ideas are yet theoretical suggestions that are not completely assimilated in the clinical routine. The mechanisms of the reserves have been extensively studied in neurodegenerative pathologies, in particular in Alzheimer's disease. Both human and animal studies addressed this topic by following two parallel pathways. The specific aim of the present review is to attempt to combine the suggestions derived from the two different research fields to deepen the knowledge about reserves. In fact, the achievement of a comprehensive theoretical framework on reserve mechanisms is an essential step to propose well-timed interventions tailored to the clinical characteristics of patients. The present review highlights the importance of addressing three main aspects: the definition of reserve proxy measures, the interaction between reserve level and therapeutic interventions, and the specific time-window of reserve efficacy.

References

Sep 29, 1978·Brain Research·M R RosenzweigH Morimoto
Apr 6, 1994·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Y SternR Mayeux
Jun 11, 1999·The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences·A B GravesE B Larson
Mar 15, 2001·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·R P FriedlandS M Debanne
Apr 10, 2002·Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS·Yaakov Stern
Jan 24, 2003·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·Chengxuan QiuTom Bellander
Jun 20, 2003·The New England Journal of Medicine·Joe VergheseHerman Buschke
Sep 26, 2003·The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences·Michael CroweMargaret Gatz
Mar 19, 2005·ILAR Journal·Eric HutchinsonSue Vandewoude
Nov 25, 2005·Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology·James A MortimerDavid A Snowdon
Jul 14, 2006·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica·D I SitzerD V Jeste
Aug 23, 2006·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Jess Nithianantharajah, Anthony J Hannan
Nov 28, 2006·Neuropsychologia·Ellen BialystokMorris Freedman
Sep 11, 2008·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·Laura MandolesiLaura Petrosini
Feb 5, 2009·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Ed Bullmore, Olaf Sporns
Apr 3, 2009·Neurobiology of Learning and Memory·Francesca GelfoMaria Giuseppa Leggio
May 27, 2009·Neuropsychologia·Yaakov Stern
Jul 28, 2009·Brain Research Reviews·Laura PetrosiniLaura Mandolesi
Oct 13, 2009·Progress in Neurobiology·Jess Nithianantharajah, Anthony J Hannan
Oct 13, 2009·NeuroImage·Mikail Rubinov, Olaf Sporns
Nov 21, 2009·Neurobiology of Aging·Adam M BrickmanYaakov Stern
Jan 21, 2010·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Yuan-Shih HuOrly Lazarov
May 28, 2010·Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders·Howard ChertkowHoward Bergman
Jun 22, 2010·TheScientificWorldJournal·Karyn M Frick, Jamie D Benoit
Jul 2, 2010·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Bruce R ReedCharles DeCarli
Aug 14, 2010·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Daniel G DinizCristovam W P Diniz
Aug 21, 2010·Nature Protocols·Yehezkel Sztainberg, Alon Chen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 26, 2019·Neural Regeneration Research·Laura Serra, Francesca Gelfo
Jun 18, 2019·Current Neuropharmacology·D CutuliP Sampedro-Piquero
May 6, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Hiroshi MitomaMario Manto

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.