Retinal damage by (hydroxy)chloroquine intake: published evidence for an efficient ophthalmological follow-up

Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde
J P Pluta, K Rüther

Abstract

Irreversible maculopathy and retinopathy are well-known adverse effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. For this article the literature was screened for relevant risk factors. The results were used for recommendations concerning the extent and frequency of ophthalmological monitoring. A systematic literature review was undertaken. Very few studies on a high evidence level could be retrieved for this problem. Most of the risk factors have not been addressed sufficiently. A higher dosage per kg body mass, long therapy duration, presence of keratopathy and renal or hepatic dysfunction are probably associated with an increased risk to develop a maculopathy/retinopathy. Additional factors such as age, genetic disposition, additional retinal disease, sunlight exposition and nature plus duration of the underlying disease have not sufficiently been demonstrated. Gender, body mass and even the accumulated dosage do not contribute as risk factors according to current knowledge. Beside patient risk factors, the spectrum of ophthalmological methodology and cost considerations have to be considered when thinking about content and frequency of monitoring for the risk of acquiring a (hydroxy)chloroquine-induced maculopathy or retinopat...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 1, 2015·Documenta Ophthalmologica. Advances in Ophthalmology·Richard BergholzDaniel J Salchow

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