Retinal input to efferent target amacrine cells in the avian retina.

Visual Neuroscience
Sarah H LindstromMartin Wilson

Abstract

The bird visual system includes a substantial projection, of unknown function, from a midbrain nucleus to the contralateral retina. Every centrifugal, or efferent, neuron originating in the midbrain nucleus makes synaptic contact with the soma of a single unique amacrine cell, the target cell (TC). By labeling efferent neurons in the midbrain, we have been able to identify their terminals in retinal slices and make patch-clamp recordings from TCs. TCs generate Na+-based action potentials (APs) triggered by spontaneous EPSPs originating from multiple classes of presynaptic neurons. Exogenously applied glutamate elicited inward currents having the mixed pharmacology of NMDA, kainate, and inward rectifying AMPA receptors. Exogenously applied GABA elicited currents entirely suppressed by GABAzine and therefore mediated by GABAA receptors. Immunohistochemistry showed the vesicular glutamate transporter, vGluT2, to be present in the characteristic synaptic boutons of efferent terminals, whereas the GABA synthetic enzyme, GAD, was present in much smaller processes of intrinsic retinal neurons. Extracellular recording showed that exogenously applied GABA was directly excitatory to TCs and, consistent with this, NKCC, the Cl- transporte...Continue Reading

References

Sep 1, 1977·The Journal of Physiology·A L Holden
Nov 1, 1976·Journal of Neurophysiology·R H Masland, A Ames
Mar 1, 1976·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·A L Pearlman, C P Hughes
Mar 1, 1976·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·A L Pearlman, C P Hughes
Jun 22, 1987·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·A W SpiraI G Morgan
Jun 1, 1986·Experimental Eye Research·J L MosingerK M Studholme
Mar 12, 1987·Nature·S CatsicasP G Clarke
Jun 1, 1972·The Journal of Physiology·A L Holden, T P Powell
Jul 1, 1968·The Journal of Physiology·A L Holden
Jan 1, 1983·Experimental Brain Research·B P Hayes, A L Holden
Jan 1, 1995·Annual Review of Physiology·J Garthwaite, C L Boulton
Dec 11, 1995·The American Journal of Physiology·C LytleB Forbush
Oct 23, 1997·Journal of Neuroscience Research·O GoureauF Chany-Fournier
Apr 21, 1999·Brain Research. Developmental Brain Research·A Posada, P G Clarke
Jan 5, 2000·Physiological Reviews·J M Russell
Mar 23, 2000·Brain Research. Developmental Brain Research·H RíosJ P Saavedra
Apr 11, 2003·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Ulrich DrenhausRüdiger W Veh
Sep 17, 1963·Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character·W M COWAN, T P POWELL
Jul 13, 2004·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Hiroyuki UchiyamaHiroshi Ohno
Feb 22, 2005·Neuron·Johannes ReisertJonathan Bradley
Jun 2, 2005·Trends in Neurosciences·Alain Marty, Isabel Llano
Feb 14, 2006·Visual Neuroscience·H Uchiyama, W K Stell
May 12, 2007·Journal of Neurophysiology·Ling-Li ZhangNoga Vardi
Sep 29, 2007·Visual Neuroscience·Andrey V DmitrievStuart C Mangel

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 29, 2011·Visual Neuroscience·Martin Wilson, Sarah H Lindstrom
Mar 4, 2017·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Quirin KrabichlerHarald Luksch

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.