Retinoid-related Orphan Receptors (RORs): Roles in Cellular Differentiation and Development.

Advances in Developmental Biology
A M Jetten, Joung Hyuck Joo

Abstract

Retinoid-related orphan receptors RORalpha, -beta, and -gamma are transcription factors belonging to the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. During embryonic development RORs are expressed in a spatial and temporal manner and are critical in the regulation of cellular differentiation and the development of several tissues. RORalpha plays a key role in the development of the cerebellum particularly in the regulation of the maturation and survival of Purkinje cells. In RORalpha-deficient mice, the reduced production of sonic hedgehog by these cells appears to be the major cause of the decreased proliferation of granule cell precursors and the observed cerebellar atrophy. RORalpha has been implicated in the regulation of a number of other physiological processes, including bone formation. RORbeta expression is largely restricted to several regions of the brain, the retina, and pineal gland. Mice deficient in RORbeta develop retinal degeneration that results in blindness. RORgamma is essential for lymph node organogenesis. In the intestine RORgamma is required for the formation of several other lymphoid tissues: Peyer's patches, cryptopatches, and isolated lymphoid follicles. RORgamma plays a key role in the generation of lymphoi...Continue Reading

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