Retinol-to-Fat Ratio and Retinol Concentration in Human Milk Show Similar Time Trends and Associations with Maternal Factors at the Population Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Advances in Nutrition
Daphna K Dror, Lindsay H Allen

Abstract

Vitamin A in human milk is critical for meeting infant requirements and building liver stores needed after weaning. A number of studies have measured milk retinol, but only a subset have corrected for fat, which serves as the retinol carrier in breast milk. The purpose of the present work was to review and analyze studies in which human-milk retinol concentrations were reported in relation to milk fat and to compare these results with unadjusted breast-milk retinol concentrations in terms of time trends over the course of lactation, influences of maternal nutritional and constitutional factors, and effects of maternal vitamin A supplementation. A systematic approach was used to search the available literature by using the US National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE/PubMed bibliographic search engine. Observational and intervention studies were included if the research was original and the retinol-to-fat ratio (retinol:fat) in human milk was measured at ≥1 time point during the first 12 mo of lactation. Retinol:fat and retinol were highest in colostrum, declined rapidly in early lactation, and achieved statistical stability by 2 and 4 wk lactation, respectively. In mature milk, retinol concentration was positively correlated with ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 2, 2020·Current Developments in Nutrition·A Catharine Ross, Nancy E Moran
Oct 2, 2020·Current Developments in Nutrition·Bryan M GannonSaurabh Mehta
Jan 2, 2020·Nutrients·M Teresa CabezueloJuan R Viña
Mar 27, 2020·The Journal of Nutrition·Kyly C WhitfieldDaniela Hampel
Apr 9, 2021·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Parul ChristianDaniel J Raiten

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