Reversibility of functionally injured neurotransmitter systems with shunt placement in hydrocephalic rats: implications for intellectual impairment in hydrocephalus

Journal of Neurosurgery
Y Tashiro, J M Drake

Abstract

Intellectual impairment has been related to alteration of neuronal innervation in the following regions: cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei (Ch1-Ch6, learning and memory), dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (emotional control), and noradrenergic locus ceruleus (cognition). Recent studies have implicated neuronal injury in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. The authors used immunohistochemical techniques to investigate functional injury in these regions in animals with progressive hydrocephalus, following shunt placement for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Hydrocephalus was induced in 20 Wistar rats by intracisternal injection of 0.05 ml of 25% kaolin solution. Four control animals (Group 1) received the same volume of saline. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts were inserted in eight rats at 2 and 4 weeks after kaolin injection and the animals were killed at 8 weeks (Group 2). The other 12 hydrocephalic animals were killed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks without undergoing shunt placement (Group 3). Immunoreactive (IR) neurons to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in Ch1-Ch6, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the ventral tegmental area, and dopamine B-hydroxylase (DBH) in the locus ceruleus, as well as IR projection fibers in the terminal areas, we...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 14, 2011·Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·Weihong YuanFrancesco T Mangano
Aug 23, 2003·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·M MataróR Galard
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Jul 2, 2008·Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics·Khader M HasanJack M Fletcher
Mar 7, 2014·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·Michael T WilliamsWeihong Yuan
Oct 14, 2009·Acta neurochirurgica·Paolo MissoriMassimo Miscusi
Feb 11, 2016·Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·Waleed A AzabMohammad H Mohammad
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Feb 4, 2006·British Journal of Neurosurgery·E E DevitoB J Sahakian
Sep 28, 2004·Brain Pathology·Marc R Del Bigio
Sep 2, 2021·Journal of Neurology·Anri SakuraiNobutaka Hattori

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Biopsy

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