Review and guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of post-natal cytomegalovirus infection

Anales de pediatría : publicación oficial de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (A.E.P.)
A Alarcón AllenGrupo de estudio de la infección por citomegalovirus de la Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica

Abstract

Postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the newborn can occur from exposure to maternal cervical secretions during birth, ingestion of breast milk, transfusion of blood products or transmission by body fluids of infected people. Breast milk is the main source of infection, given the high rate of CMV-positive mothers excreting CMV in milk. Freezing reduces the risk of CMV transmission by breastfeeding, although it does not eliminate it completely. Pasteurisation prevents such transmission, but it can alter the immunological properties of breast milk. Postnatal CMV infection is usually asymptomatic, as it normally results from viral reactivation in the mother, and the neonate is born with protective antibodies. However, in the very low birth weight premature infant the amount of transferred antibodies is smaller and a symptomatic infection can occur. Symptomatic post-natal CMV infection in the newborn typically causes hepatitis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia or sepsis-like syndrome. Pneumonitis and enteritis are less common, but very characteristic. Diagnosis is based on urine virus detection at the time of onset of symptoms. Postnatal CMV infection in the newborn generally resolves spontaneously without antiviral treatment....Continue Reading

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Citations

May 30, 2012·Pediatric Dermatology·Deysy E Cieza-DíazRicardo Suárez-Fernández
May 9, 2014·Viruses·Sonia M Restrepo-GualterosGustavo Nino
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Nov 27, 2018·Current Pediatric Reviews·Flaminia BardanzelluAlessandra Reali
Jan 13, 2017·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·Katharina SchusterPhilipp Henneke

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