Review article: the pharmacological inhibition of gastric acid secretion--tolerance and rebound

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Arne K SandvikH L Waldum

Abstract

During the last decade our understanding of the regulation of gastric acid secretion has changed considerably. The recognition that gastrin acts mainly by releasing histamine from the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell is of major importance. It is now necessary to review and seek new explanations for the development of tolerance and for the post-treatment acid hypersecretion that may be observed when treatment with acid-secretory inhibitors is discontinued. Tolerance and rebound related to H2-receptor antagonists has previously been explained as upregulation of gastrin and/or histamine H2-receptors, and/or an increased parietal cell mass. Experimental evidence for these theories is scarce. On the other hand, tolerance can now be explained by a gastrin-induced increase in ECL cell-derived histamine at the parietal cell H2-receptor competing with the antagonist. The lack of tolerance to proton pump inhibitors may be explained by their mode of action, being non-competitive and acting at the H+, K+-ATPase rather than at stimulatory receptors. Post-treatment rebound acid hypersecretion can be understood as gastrin upregulating and/or stimulating growth of the ECL cell, leading to increased amounts of releasable histamine post-treatme...Continue Reading

Citations

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