Review of Pharmacological Strategies with Repurposed Drugs for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Related Bleeding

Journal of Clinical Medicine
Virginia AlbiñanaLuisa María Botella

Abstract

The diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is based on the Curaçao criteria: epistaxis, telangiectases, arteriovenous malformations in internal organs, and family history. Genetically speaking, more than 90% of HHT patients show mutations in ENG or ACVRL1/ALK1 genes, both belonging to the TGF-β/BMP9 signaling pathway. Despite clear knowledge of the symptoms and genes of the disease, we still lack a definite cure for HHT, having just palliative measures and pharmacological trials. Among the former, two strategies are: intervention at "ground zero" to minimize by iron and blood transfusions in order to counteract anemia. Among the later, along the last 15 years, three different strategies have been tested: (1) To favor coagulation with antifibrinolytic agents (tranexamic acid); (2) to increase transcription of ENG and ALK1 with specific estrogen-receptor modulators (bazedoxifene or raloxifene), antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine, resveratrol), or immunosuppressants (tacrolimus); and (3) to impair the abnormal angiogenic process with antibodies (bevacizumab) or blocking drugs like etamsylate, and propranolol. This manuscript reviews the main strategies and sums up the clinical trials developed with drugs alleviating ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 11, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Carmelo BernabeuMichelle Letarte
Nov 12, 2020·Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research·Michael E PlazakVan-Khue Ton
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Sala BofaridMarco C Post
Dec 24, 2021·The Journal of International Medical Research·Margarita ReyMariana Vásquez Roldán
Jul 2, 2021·Clinical Oral Investigations·Samira V GomesMarco A Peres

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