Review of the EPG Waveforms of Sharpshooters and Spittlebugs Including Their Biological Meanings in Relation to Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa (Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae)

Journal of Insect Science
Elaine A Backus, Hsien-Tzung Shih

Abstract

Electropenetrography (EPG) is one of the most rigorous methods to study stylet probing behaviors of piercing-sucking insects whose mouthparts move invisibly inside hosts. EPG is particularly useful for identifying vector behaviors that control transmission (acquisition, retention, and inoculation) of plant pathogens, comparing those behaviors among vector species, and aiding in development of novel vector and disease management tactics. Xylella fastidiosa (Wells et al.) is a gram-negative, invasive bacterium native to the Americas, where it is the causal agent of lethal scorch-type diseases such as Pierce's disease of grapevines. Xylella fastidiosa is transmitted by sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) and spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae). Despite over 75 yr of study, details of the inoculation mechanism of X. fastidiosa were unknown until the advent of EPG research with sharpshooters. Herein, the following topics are presented: 1) review of key EPG principles and waveforms published to date, emphasizing sharpshooters and spittlebugs; 2) summary of present understanding of biological meanings of sharpshooter waveforms; 3) review of mechanisms of transmission for X. fastidiosa illuminated by EPG...Continue Reading

References

May 17, 2012·Journal of Insect Physiology·Elaine A BackusHasan Alhaddad
Mar 10, 2017·Journal of Pest Science·Daniele CornaraFrancesco Porcelli
Jul 1, 1986·Journal of Morphology·Diane E Ullman, Donald L McLean
Mar 1, 2019·PloS One·Sara RuschioniNunzio Isidoro
Apr 9, 2020·Scientific Reports·Inaiara de Souza PachecoMarcos Antonio Machado

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