Review of Viral Testing (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and Antibody/Serology Testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 for the Intensivist

Critical Care Explorations
Michael P MotleyEric D Spitzer

Abstract

As the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 pandemic develops, assays to detect the virus and infection caused by it are needed for diagnosis and management. To describe to clinicians how each assay is performed, what each assay detects, and the benefits and limitations of each assay. Published literature and internet. As well done, relevant and recent as possible. Sources were read to extract data from them. Was synthesized by all coauthors. Available assays test for current or previous severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection. Nucleic acid assays such as quantitative, or real-time, polymerase chain reaction and loop-mediated isothermal amplification are ideal for acute diagnosis with polymerase chain reaction testing remaining the "gold standard" to diagnose acute infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, specifically the presence of viral RNA. Assays that detect serum antibodies can theoretically diagnose both acute and remote infection but require time for the patient to develop immunity and may detect nonspecific antibodies. Antibody assays that quantitatively measure neutralizing antibodies are needed to test efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy but are more specialized.

References

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Citations

Sep 30, 2020·ACS Sensors·Bartolomeo Della VenturaRaffaele Velotta
Mar 30, 2021·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Mohammad Ali DerakhshanReza Faridi-Majidi
May 1, 2021·Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease·Mario HönemannUwe Gerd Liebert
May 28, 2021·Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care·Sanjib GogoiAmarjeet Sharma
Sep 21, 2021·Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Pedro Póvoa, Luis Coelho

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
PCR
lavage
ELISA
ELISAs
PLASMA

Software Mentioned

Cellex

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