Review of whole-organism bioassays: soil, freshwater sediment, and freshwater assessment in Canada

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
C J KeddyM A Bonnell

Abstract

Whole organism bioassays for the assessment of soil, freshwater sediment, and freshwater quality were evaluated for their application in the assessment and remediation of contaminated sites in Canada under the National Contaminated Sites Remediation Program. Using 3 essential and 12 desirable methodological criteria, bioassays were categorized as currently usable, prototype, or under development. Based on further considerations related to bioassay application, a battery of usable screening and definitive tests was recommended (with suggestions for augmentation) for each medium. Of the 18 bioassays reviewed for soil quality assessment, 6 were usable, 5 were prototypes, and 7 were under development. Battery screening and definitive tests included 14-day Eisenia andrei survival, 120-hr lettuce and radish seedling emergence, and 72-hr Selenastrum capricornutum growth inhibition. Augmentation with the following bioassays was recommended: soil/freshwater bacterial growth, arthropod reproduction, earthworm reproduction, and reproduction of other soil-dependent organisms. Of the 9 bioassays reviewed for freshwater sediment quality assessment, 1 was usable, 2 were prototypes, and 6 were under development. Three bioassays in the latter t...Continue Reading

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