Revisiting adverse reactions to vaccines: A critical appraisal of Autoimmune Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA)

Journal of Autoimmunity
David HawkesRachael A Dunlop

Abstract

In 2011 Shoenfeld and Agmon-Levin proposed a new syndrome as a way of grouping together a range of emerging autoimmune diseases with possible adjuvant-associated causes, Autoimmune/Auto-inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA). At present, there is no evidence to suggest that ASIA syndrome is a viable explanation for unusual autoimmune diseases. Since the initial paper, over 80 publications have discussed ASIA. This systematic review examines the research that has been done to investigate whether ASIA is a broad umbrella term with little clinical significance, or whether there is some underlying mechanism which could be utilised to reduce the occurrence of adjuvant mediated disease. Twenty-seven animal, epidemiological and case studies were reviewed. Unfortunately, a robust animal model of ASIA using biologically relevant doses of adjuvants has yet to be defined. It is also apparent that the broadness of the current ASIA criteria lack stringency and, as a result, very few cases of autoimmune disease could be excluded from a diagnosis of ASIA. The current studies involving human cases are so diverse, in both external stimuli and in resulting conditions, that there is currently a lack of reproducible evidence for any con...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 27, 2015·Translational Research : the Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine·John E McKinnon, Kathleen Maksimowicz-McKinnon
May 20, 2015·Arthritis Care & Research·Vinay SagarVaidehi R Chowdhary
Jun 3, 2015·Autoimmunity Reviews·Paolo PellegrinoSonia Radice
May 21, 2016·Frontiers in Immunology·Juan-Manuel AnayaAdriana Rojas-Villarraga
Apr 4, 2017·Current Opinion in Rheumatology·Laura Andreoli, Angela Tincani
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Oct 21, 2021·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open·Jaime Eduardo Pachón SVictor Z Rizo

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