Revisiting the Contributions of Far- and Near-Field Routes to Aggregate Human Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

Environmental Science & Technology
Li LiFrank Wania

Abstract

The general population is exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by consuming food from far-field contaminated agricultural and aquatic environments, and inhalation and nondietary ingestion in near-field indoor or residential environments. Here, we seek to evaluate the relative importance of far- and near-field routes by simulating the time-variant aggregate exposure of Swedish females to PCB congeners from 1930 to 2030. We rely on a mechanistic model, which integrates a food-chain bioaccumulation module and a human toxicokinetic module with dynamic substance flow analysis and nested indoor-urban-rural environmental fate modeling. Confidence in the model is established by successfully reproducing the observed PCB concentrations in Swedish human milk between 1972 and 2016. In general, far-field routes contribute most to total PCB uptake. However, near-field exposure is notable for (i) children and teenagers, who have frequent hand-to-mouth contact, (ii) cohorts born in earlier years, e.g., in 1956, when indoor environments were severely contaminated, and (iii) lighter chlorinated congeners. The relative importance of far- and near-field exposure in a cross-section of individuals of different age sampled at the same time is ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 22, 2020·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Frank Wania, Chubashini Shunthirasingham
Apr 17, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Maria FioreMargherita Ferrante
Dec 16, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Clara M A EichlerJohn C Little
Sep 10, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Li LiFrank Wania
Dec 6, 2018·Environmental Science & Technology·Caroline L RingJohn F Wambaugh
Sep 21, 2021·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Zhizhen ZhangLi Li

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