Revisiting the immunomodulators tacrolimus, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil: their mechanisms of action and role in the treatment of IBD

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Jolanda M van DierenC Janneke van der Woude

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are thought to result from unopposed immune responses to normal gut flora in a genetically susceptible host. A variety of immunomodulating therapies are applied for the treatment of patients with IBDs. The first-line treatment for IBDs consists of 5-aminosalicylate and/or budesonide. However, these first-line therapies are often not suitable for continuous treatment or do not suffice for the treatment of severe IBD. Recently, efforts have been made to generate novel selective drugs that are more effective and have fewer side effects. Despite promising results, most of these novel drugs are still in a developmental stage and unavailable for clinical application. Yet, another class of established immunomodulators exists that is successful in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. While waiting for emerging novel therapies, the use of these more established drugs should be considered. Furthermore, one of the advantages of using established immunomodulators is the well-documented knowledge on the long-term side effects and on the mechanisms of action. In this review, the authors discuss 3 well-known immunomodulators that are being applied with increased frequency for the treatment of IBD: t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 1, 2008·Inflammatory Bowel Diseases·Jolanda M van DierenC Janneke van der Woude
May 2, 2009·Inflammatory Bowel Diseases·Leonidas A Bourikas, Konstantinos A Papadakis
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