Rhadinovirus host entry by co-operative infection

PLoS Pathogens
Clara LawlerPhilip G Stevenson

Abstract

Rhadinoviruses establish chronic infections of clinical and economic importance. Several show respiratory transmission and cause lung pathologies. We used Murid Herpesvirus-4 (MuHV-4) to understand how rhadinovirus lung infection might work. A primary epithelial or B cell infection often is assumed. MuHV-4 targeted instead alveolar macrophages, and their depletion reduced markedly host entry. While host entry was efficient, alveolar macrophages lacked heparan - an important rhadinovirus binding target - and were infected poorly ex vivo. In situ analysis revealed that virions bound initially not to macrophages but to heparan⁺ type 1 alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). Although epithelial cell lines endocytose MuHV-4 readily in vitro, AECs did not. Rather bound virions were acquired by macrophages; epithelial infection occurred only later. Thus, host entry was co-operative - virion binding to epithelial cells licensed macrophage infection, and this in turn licensed AEC infection. An antibody block of epithelial cell binding failed to block host entry: opsonization provided merely another route to macrophages. By contrast an antibody block of membrane fusion was effective. Therefore co-operative infection extended viral tropism beyo...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 1, 2015·Current Opinion in Virology·Andrew D Hislop
Aug 8, 2015·Current Opinion in Virology·Laurent GilletPhilip G Stevenson
May 20, 2015·The Journal of General Virology·Brittany ChaoPhilip G Stevenson
Apr 16, 2015·The Journal of General Virology·Bruno FredericoPhilip G Stevenson
Sep 2, 2016·Frontiers in Microbiology·Brandon CieniewiczLaurie T Krug
Apr 11, 2017·PLoS Pathogens·Cindy S E TanPhilip G Stevenson
Jul 22, 2016·Journal of Virology·Maitreyi ShivkumarPhilip G Stevenson
Apr 21, 2017·Journal of Virology·Caroline ZeippenLaurent Gillet
Jul 29, 2016·Journal of Virology·Clara LawlerPhilip G Stevenson
May 1, 2015·Journal of Virology·Helen E FarrellPhilip G Stevenson
Jul 25, 2019·Viral Immunology·Philip G Stevenson
May 17, 2019·Journal of Virology·Helen E FarrellPhilip G Stevenson
Nov 7, 2019·Journal of Virology·Clara Lawler, Philip G Stevenson
Jan 28, 2020·The Journal of General Virology·Clara Lawler, Philip G Stevenson
May 26, 2016·PLoS Pathogens·Cindy S E TanPhilip G Stevenson
Dec 12, 2018·The Journal of General Virology·Daniel L GlauserPhilip G Stevenson
Sep 30, 2021·Annual Review of Virology·Yiping WangLaurie T Krug
Sep 16, 2021·Journal of Virology·Wanxiaojie XiePhilip G Stevenson

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
flow cytometry
ELISA

Software Mentioned

ImageJ

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