Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) immediately generalize the uncertain response

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes
David A WashburnWendy E Shields

Abstract

Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) have learned, like humans, to use an uncertain response adaptively under test conditions that create uncertainty, suggesting a metacognitive process by which human and nonhuman primates may monitor their confidence and alter their behavior accordingly. In this study, 4 rhesus monkeys generalized their use of the uncertain response, without additional training, to 2 familiar tasks (2-choice discrimination learning and mirror-image matching to sample) that predictably and demonstrably produce uncertainty. The monkeys were significantly less likely to use the uncertain response on trials in which the answer might be known. These results indicate that monkeys, like humans, know when they do not know and that they can learn to use a symbol as a generalized means for indicating their uncertainty.

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Citations

Apr 18, 2007·Animal Cognition·Chikako Suda-King
Oct 16, 2012·Animal Cognition·Leyre Castro, Edward A Wasserman
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