Riddles in the cold: Antarctic endemism and microbial succession impact methane cycling in the Southern Ocean

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
Andrew R ThurberRory M Welsh

Abstract

Antarctica is estimated to contain as much as a quarter of earth's marine methane, however we have not discovered an active Antarctic methane seep limiting our understanding of the methane cycle. In 2011, an expansive (70 m × 1 m) microbial mat formed at 10 m water depth in the Ross Sea, Antarctica which we identify here to be a high latitude hydrogen sulfide and methane seep. Through 16S rRNA gene analysis on samples collected 1 year and 5 years after the methane seep formed, we identify the taxa involved in the Antarctic methane cycle and quantify the response rate of the microbial community to a novel input of methane. One year after the seep formed, ANaerobic MEthane oxidizing archaea (ANME), the dominant sink of methane globally, were absent. Five years later, ANME were found to make up to 4% of the microbial community, however the dominant member of this group observed (ANME-1) were unexpected considering the cold temperature (-1.8°C) and high sulfate concentrations (greater than 24 mM) present at this site. Additionally, the microbial community had not yet formed a sufficient filter to mitigate the release of methane from the sediment; methane flux from the sediment was still significant at 3.1 mmol CH4 m-2 d-1. We hypot...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 30, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Margaret A CrammCasey R J Hubert
Dec 24, 2020·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Julian GuttDiana H Wall

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJNA387720

Software Mentioned

BOOSTER ( BOOTstrap Support by Transfer )
PERMANOVA
QIIME2
PRIMER
ANME
ig T ree
BOOSTER
phyML

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