RIFRAF: a frame-resolving consensus algorithm

Bioinformatics
Kemal Eren, Ben Murrell

Abstract

Protein coding genes can be studied using long-read next generation sequencing. However, high rates of indel sequencing errors are problematic, corrupting the reading frame. Even the consensus of multiple independent sequence reads retains indel errors. To solve this problem, we introduce Reference-Informed Frame-Resolving multiple-Alignment Free template inference algorithm (RIFRAF), a sequence consensus algorithm that takes a set of error-prone reads and a reference sequence and infers an accurate in-frame consensus. RIFRAF uses a novel structure, analogous to a two-layer hidden Markov model: the consensus is optimized to maximize alignment scores with both the set of noisy reads and with a reference. The template-to-reads component of the model encodes the preponderance of indels, and is sensitive to the per-base quality scores, giving greater weight to more accurate bases. The reference-to-template component of the model penalizes frame-destroying indels. A local search algorithm proceeds in stages to find the best consensus sequence for both objectives. Using Pacific Biosciences SMRT sequences from an HIV-1 env clone, NL4-3, we compare our approach to other consensus and frame correction methods. RIFRAF consistently finds ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 17, 2019·Nucleic Acids Research·Venkatesh KumarBen Murrell

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