Abstract
Food fortification can be effective in reducing the prevalence of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies. This study assessed risk factors for-and the impact of the wheat flour program in Uzbekistan on-anemia, and iron and folate deficiency (FD) in non-pregnant women (NPW) of reproductive age. National data were analyzed for risk factors using multivariable regression. Additional iron intake from fortified flour was not associated with iron deficiency (ID) and did not result in a significantly different prevalence of anemia regardless of the levels, whereas women with additional folic acid intake had a lower relative risk (RR) of FD (RR: 0.67 [95% CI: 0.53, 0.85]). RR for anemia was greater in women with ID (RR: 4.7; 95% CI: 3.5, 6.5) and vitamin A insufficiency (VAI; RR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 1.9). VAI (RR: 1.4 [95% CI: 1.3, 1.6]) and breastfeeding (RR: 1.1 [95% CI: 0.99, 1.2]) were associated with increased risk of ID, while being underweight reduced the risk (RR: 0.74 [95% CI: 0.58, 0.96]). Breastfeeding (RR: 1.2 [95% CI: 1.1, 1.4]) and inflammation (RR: 1.2 [95% CI: 1.0, 1.3]) increased risk of FD. FD results indicate that the fortification program had potential for impact, but requires higher coverage of adequately fortified whe...Continue Reading
References
Jan 11, 2003·Nutrition Reviews·Richard HurrellUNKNOWN SUSTAIN Task Force
Dec 31, 2003·Lancet·D I ThurnhamP Nestel
Oct 13, 2006·Health Policy and Planning·Seema Vyas, Lilani Kumaranayake
Jul 16, 2010·Food and Nutrition Bulletin·Richard HurrellSean Lynch
Dec 1, 2012·Food and Nutrition Bulletin·Robert Weisell, Marie Claude Dop
Nov 22, 2013·PloS One·Lauren HundJoseph J Valadez
Dec 4, 2013·Blood·Nicholas J KassebaumChristopher J L Murray
Jun 13, 2015·Lancet·UNKNOWN Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators
Dec 15, 2015·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Luz Maria De-RegilPura Rayco-Solon
Feb 18, 2016·Current Opinion in Hematology·Chia-Yu Wang, Jodie L Babitt
Jun 16, 2017·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Leila M LarsonChristine A Northrop-Clewes
Feb 17, 2018·Public Health Reviews·Nicholas J WaldColin Blakemore
Aug 3, 2018·Birth Defects Research·Vijaya KancherlaGodfrey P Oakley
Sep 22, 2018·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Lisa M RogersLynn B Bailey
Mar 16, 2019·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Emily C KeatsZulfiqar A Bhutta
Apr 19, 2019·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Emily C KeatsZulfiqar A Bhutta
Apr 22, 2019·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Meng-Yu ChenKrista S Crider