Risk factors for horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus in a rural district in Ghana

American Journal of Epidemiology
F E MartinsonS M Lemon

Abstract

Most hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in sub-Saharan African infants and children are acquired through horizontal transmission, but the exact mechanisms of spread have not been documented. The authors conducted a study in rural Ghana which determined seroprevalence in a probability sample of 1,385 individuals of all ages, and evaluated risk factors for horizontal transmission of HBV in a subsample of 547 children aged 1-16 years who were not hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. Most residents in this district live in compounds which typically contain 2-4 households each. Overall prevalence of HBV seropositives (any HBV marker) was 74.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 72.5%-76.9%). Prevalence of HBsAg was 20.9% (95% CI 18.8%-23.1%). The data suggest a continuous nonuniform acquisition of HBV infection with advancing age predominantly through horizontal transmission in childhood, with the household, rather than the domestic compound, being the primary place for transmission. The behaviors most strongly associated with prevalence of HBV were sharing of bath towels (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 2.1-4.5), sharing of chewing gum or partially eaten candies (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 2.3-5.0), sharing of dental cleaning materials (OR = 2.5, 95% C...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 24, 1999·Journal of Medical Virology·M Knutsson, K Kidd-Ljunggren
Feb 23, 2007·Epidemiology and Infection·H UcmakU G O Ergun
Oct 18, 2000·Public Health·H DeğertekinK Yalçin
Jan 17, 2004·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Frank G J CobelensPieter P A M van Thiel
Jan 29, 2011·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Lisa M ButlerJonathan Mermin
Feb 13, 2002·Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition·Aude Marie-CardineEric Mallet
Oct 30, 2012·International Journal of STD & AIDS·C J HoffmannN A Martinson
Sep 27, 2013·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Joseph Humphrey Kofi BonneyStephan Günther
Aug 3, 2012·World Journal of Hepatology·Koffi Alain AttiaXavier Anglaret
Apr 30, 2014·International Journal of Hepatology·Chris R Kenyon, Robert Colebunders
Nov 12, 2013·Journal of Hepatology·Charles S ChaselaUNKNOWN BAN Study Team
Apr 17, 2009·Journal of Gastroenterology·Cintia Mendes ClementeIsabel Maria Vicente Guedes de Carvalho Mello
Jan 10, 2009·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Lisa M ButlerJeffrey N Martin
Jan 10, 2016·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Sandrine François-SouquièreMirdad Kazanji
Nov 10, 2009·Pathologie-biologie·P Pineau, P Tiollais
May 25, 2007·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·Christopher J Hoffmann, Chloe L Thio
Oct 20, 2006·Archives de pédiatrie : organe officiel de la Sociéte française de pédiatrie·N GuérinUNKNOWN Groupe de pédiatrie tropicale de la Société française de pédiatrie
Sep 24, 2009·Journal of Medical Virology·Lara Isobel CompstonJean-Pierre Allain
Mar 18, 2011·Journal of Medical Virology·Lara StabinskiGregory D Kirk
Mar 19, 2016·BMC Infectious Diseases·Richard Ofori-Asenso, Akosua Adom Agyeman
Jul 22, 2009·Virology Journal·Andrew A AdjeiTheophilus K Adiku
Feb 2, 2006·International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·Arshad QuddusTariq Jafar
Nov 28, 2012·International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics : the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·Panicha Chantrapanichkul, Saifon Chawanpaiboon
May 4, 2016·Reviews in Medical Virology·Anna Kramvis
May 18, 2016·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Hari ShankarPonni V Perumalswami
Oct 26, 2016·International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·Gilles WandelerUNKNOWN for IeDEA-Southern Africa and the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Aug 17, 2016·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Adebola T OlayinkaAbdulsalami Nasidi
Jan 13, 2011·Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz·Fatima ValenteCaroline Cordeiro Soares
Apr 18, 2003·Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz·Ana R C Motta-CastroRegina M B Martins
May 10, 2017·Liver International : Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·Sharif A IsmailLenka Benova
Oct 11, 2005·European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology·Annemiek A van der EijkRobert A de Man

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics : the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
N K R DamaleV Bekoe
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved