Abstract
We examined risk factors for hospitalized gastrointestinal bleeding among health maintenance organization (HMO) members with hypertension. Case subjects (n = 199) were patients with hypertension hospitalized for confirmed gastrointestinal bleeding in 1992-1994. Control hypertensive subjects (n = 821) were selected from ongoing studies. Medical records and computerized pharmacy data were used to assess risk factors. Adjusted relative risks (RRs) were estimated using logistic regression models. In multivariate-adjusted models, significant risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 111 cases) were hepatic disease (RR = 2.85), elevated creatinine (RR = 2.45), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (RR = 2.28), smoking (RR = 1.93), cardiovascular disease (RR = 1.89), and physical inactivity (RR = 1.70). Risk factors for lower gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 43 cases) in multivariate-adjusted analyses were anticoagulant or thrombolytic therapy (RR = 3.80), elevated creatinine (RR = 2.31), and physical inactivity (RR = 2.10). This study confirmed several known risk factors for hospitalized gastrointestinal bleeding, including hepatic disease, renal dysfunction, and medication use, and also identified smoking and physical in...Continue Reading
References
Dec 1, 1986·Archives of Internal Medicine·W R BartleJ Lazor
Aug 23, 1995·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·B M PsatyP W Wahl
Aug 1, 1994·Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·M PahorR B Wallace
Aug 24, 1994·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·M PahorR B Wallace
Jan 1, 1997·Epidemiology·S P GutthannD S Raiford
Dec 24, 1997·BMJ : British Medical Journal·T M MacDonaldD G McDevitt
Jan 1, 1999·Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology·L MaC H Cho
Feb 24, 1999·Lancet·J P KellyS Shapiro
Jun 17, 1999·The New England Journal of Medicine·M M WolfeG Singh
Dec 22, 1999·Gut·J WeilD G Colin-Jones
Jun 29, 2000·Archives of Internal Medicine·R C KaplanB M Psaty
Jun 30, 2000·Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology·P I HsuP N Hsu
Nov 10, 2000·BMJ : British Medical Journal·S Derry, Y K Loke
Mar 29, 2001·The New England Journal of Medicine·F K ChanJ J Sung
Citations
Sep 13, 2003·Kidney International·Haimanot WasseCatherine O Stehman-Breen
Jun 27, 2009·European Heart Journal·George V MoukarbelScott D Solomon
Jan 18, 2013·BMC Nephrology·Chien-Chun KuoChun-Yuh Yang
Nov 10, 2012·Drug Safety : an International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Drug Experience·Jordi CastellsagueUNKNOWN Safety of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (SOS) Project
Sep 10, 2013·Mayo Clinic Proceedings·Chun-Chieh YehChien-Chang Liao
Aug 22, 2006·Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics·L LaineR W Dubois
Feb 4, 2012·Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety·Sigrid BehrIris Pigeot
Jul 6, 2014·Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology : the Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·Tomonori AokiNaomi Uemura
Nov 9, 2016·PloS One·Lisa L StrateAndrew T Chan
Sep 19, 2008·Current Gastroenterology Reports·Anne Ballinger
Mar 2, 2019·Clinical and Translational Science·Lindsay M HendersonDavid L Veenstra
Jan 22, 2004·Journal of Sex Research·Linwood J Lewis, Robert M Kertzner
Jan 17, 2013·Postgraduate Medicine·K Scott BrimbleRobert G Hart
Oct 9, 2019·Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology·Kyeong Ok KimOtto S Lin
Aug 15, 2020·The International Journal of Artificial Organs·Quentin R YoumansIke S Okwuosa
Dec 5, 2019·World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy·Tooba TariqMurray Ehrinpreis