Risk factors for oral cancer in newly diagnosed patients aged 45 years and younger: a case-control study in Southern England

Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology
C D LlewellynK A A S Warnakulasuriya

Abstract

This case-control study aimed to identify the risk factors for oral cancer in patients aged 45 years and under. Patients were recruited over a 3-year period between 1999 and 2001 from 14 hospitals in the southeast of England, UK. Fifty-three (80%) newly diagnosed patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity participated. The mean age of cases at diagnosis was 38.5 years (SD = 7.0) and 53% were male. Patients were interviewed about main risk factors of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and their consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables in the past. Ninety-one matched control patients were also recruited. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from adjusted conditional logistic analyses. Significantly elevated ORs were evidenced amongst males who had started to smoke under the age of 16 years (OR = 14.3; 95% CI: 1.1-178.8). A significant reduction in risk was also shown for ex-smokers (OR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.5-0.8). Consumption of alcohol in excess of recommended amounts also produced an eightfold risk in males (OR = 8.1; 95% CI: 1.6-40.1) and over a fourfold risk of oral cancer from the consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol and having ever smoked (OR = 4.4; 95% CI: 1.1-17.7). The study s...Continue Reading

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