Risk of melanoma arising in large congenital melanocytic nevi: a systematic review

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Andrew J WattKevin C Chung

Abstract

Large congenital melanocytic nevi are cutaneous lesions regarded by many as premalignant; estimates of malignancy incidence range from 0 to 42 percent. Given the often complex and extensive nature of large congenital melanocytic nevi resection and reconstruction, the risk of malignant transformation is a crucial factor that surgeons and families must weigh when deciding whether or not to excise the lesion. The authors conducted a systematic analysis of data from the existing literature to critically evaluate the published studies and to establish a crude incidence rate for the risk of malignant melanoma transformation in large congenital melanocytic nevi. After a comprehensive literature search, they analyzed data from eight studies (containing a total of 432 large congenital melanocytic nevi patients) of sufficient scientific quality. Twelve patients (2.8 percent) in this sample developed cutaneous malignant melanoma during the reported follow-up periods. Using a subset of this data and comparing the incidence rates to those of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results population-based database using a standardized morbidity ratio, the authors found that the large congenital melanocytic nevi patients had an increased ris...Continue Reading

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