Abstract
Pisa syndrome, a rare dystonic reaction resulting from prolonged exposure to antipsychotic medications, is characterized by persistent dystonia of trunk muscles and abnormal posture. It is called Pisa syndrome, because the abnormal posture resembles the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Different from other types of dystonic reactions, Pisa syndrome is more prevalent in females and in older patients with organic brain changes. A 15-year-old male patient with mental retardation was admitted to pediatric neurology clinic for the complaint of abnormal posturing. He had been taking only risperidone for the last four years. Over the last month, the patient gradually developed tonic flexion of trunk and head toward left and was diagnosed with Pisa syndrome. In this paper, we aimed to discuss the association between risperidone use and Pisa syndrome in light of the available literature.
References
Dec 1, 1990·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica·T SuzukiT Hori
Jan 15, 1997·Biological Psychiatry·T SuzukiJ E Piletz
Jul 6, 2000·Lancet·Y T KwakM S Koo
Mar 13, 2002·CNS Drugs·Toshihito Suzuki, Hisashi Matsuzaka
Apr 30, 2002·The Annals of Pharmacotherapy·Deborah V KellyM Ian Bowmer
Jul 19, 2006·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Eugenia RotaClaudio M Demicheli
Nov 1, 2006·European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry·Peter S JensenMagali Haas
Dec 23, 2008·Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria·Quirino CordeiroHomero Vallada
Jul 29, 2009·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Yu-Chi HuangPao-Yen Lin
Aug 4, 2009·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Alice WalderPierre Baumann
Jun 29, 2010·Research in Developmental Disabilities·Johnny L Matson, Sara Mahan
May 9, 2012·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·Alexandra KaufmannAlex Hofer
Nov 22, 2013·The Annals of Pharmacotherapy·Courtney A Iuppa, Lauren A Diefenderfer
Feb 8, 2014·CNS Drugs·Luigi MazzoneStefano Vicari
Citations
Aug 30, 2016·Lancet Neurology·Paolo BaroneCarmine Vitale
Apr 30, 2017·Clinical Neuropharmacology·Chih-Wei HsuPao-Yen Lin
Dec 14, 2019·Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology·Connor SmithJean-Pierre Lindenmayer
Feb 26, 2020·Clinical Neuropharmacology·Hasan Ali GulerYakup Erdogan
Sep 8, 2020·Expert Opinion on Drug Safety·Felice IasevoliAndrea de Bartolomeis
Feb 6, 2018·Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience : the Official Scientific Journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Serkan GüneşVeli Yıldırım