Ritualised Dung Kicking by White Rhino Males Amplifies Olfactory Signals but Reduces Odour Duration

Journal of Chemical Ecology
Courtney MarneweckAdrian M Shrader

Abstract

Many mammals enhance their olfactory signals visually by depositing them in conspicuous locations such as well-travelled paths. It is also possible to enhance the odour itself through behaviours aimed at modifying odour emission rates. White rhinos defecate in communal middens. While defecating, territorial males kick sharply with their back feet which disperses their dung. Despite being a ubiquitous trait of territorial male white rhinos, the reason behind this behaviour is unclear. We hypothesised that the purpose of dung kicking was for olfactory signal amplification (OSA) in terms of an increased emission of volatile compounds (i.e. increased signal strength). Using dung collected from non-territorial adult males (because it is not possible to collect whole dung from territorial males), we show that the dispersal of male white rhino dung causes OSA by increasing the emission of hydrocarbon acids. The dung odour of territorial and non-territorial males differs only quantitatively, hence it is likely that the same emission patterns occur for territorial male dung odours following dung dispersal. The volatile compound indicating age of intact dung was toluene, but for dispersed dung it was acetophenone (similar to territorial ...Continue Reading

References

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May 13, 2014·Behavioural Processes·Kristina VogtUrs Breitenmoser
Jan 13, 2017·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Courtney MarneweckAdrian M Shrader
Oct 7, 2017·Journal of Chemical Ecology·Courtney MarneweckAdrian M Shrader

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Citations

Jun 24, 2020·Nature Ecology & Evolution·Amar SarkarPhilip W J Burnet
Jul 23, 2021·Animal Cognition·Matthew WoodAdrian M Shrader

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
scraping
MDA

Software Mentioned

RStudio
Varian Workstation
MuMIn
randomForest
MS search
vegan
nlme

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