Rituximab combined with Peg-interferon-ribavirin in refractory hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
David SaadounP Cacoub

Abstract

To report the results of a pilot study using rituximab combined with Peg-interferon (IFN) alpha2b-ribavirin in severe refractory hepatitis C virus (HCV) related mixed cryoglobulinaemia (MC) vasculitis. Sixteen consecutive patients with severe HCV-MC vasculitis that were resistant (n = 11) or relapser (n = 5) to a previous combination treatment with standard (n = 10) or Peg-IFNalpha2b (n = 6) plus ribavirin were included. They were treated with rituximab (375 mg/m2 intravenously weekly for 4 weeks) combined with Peg-IFNalpha2b (1.5 mug/kg per week subcutaneously) plus ribavirin (600-1200 mg/day orally) for 12 months. Fifteen patients (93.7%) showed clinical improvement, 10 of whom (62.5%) were clinical complete responders (CR). HCV RNA and serum cryoglobulin became undetectable in all the clinical CR. Peripheral blood B cell depletion was achieved in all patients (CD19+ cells, 111 (SD 32)/mm3 at baseline versus 2(2)/mm3 after the fourth infusion of rituximab) with reconstitution starting at the end of antiviral treatment. Compared with clinical CR, the partial or non-responders had a 3.6 times longer duration of vasculitis prior to treatment and a lower rate of early virological response. Treatment was well tolerated with no inf...Continue Reading

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