RKIP: A Key Regulator in Tumor Metastasis Initiation and Resistance to Apoptosis: Therapeutic Targeting and Impact

Cancers
Apostolos ZaravinosStavroula Baritaki

Abstract

RAF-kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a well-established tumor suppressor that is frequently downregulated in a plethora of solid and hematological malignancies. RKIP exerts antimetastatic and pro-apoptotic properties in cancer cells, via modulation of signaling pathways and gene products involved in tumor survival and spread. Here we review the contribution of RKIP in the regulation of early metastatic steps such as epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion, as well as in tumor sensitivity to conventional therapeutics and immuno-mediated cytotoxicity. We further provide updated justification for targeting RKIP as a strategy to overcome tumor chemo/immuno-resistance and suppress metastasis, through the use of agents able to modulate RKIP expression in cancer cells.

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Citations

Nov 27, 2019·Biomolecules·Maria Gabriela-FreitasOlga Martinho
Jun 7, 2020·Cancers·Cristina PenasMaria D Boyano
Jun 20, 2019·Nature Communications·Amol PanhaleAsifa Akhtar
May 1, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Manuela LabbozzettaPaola Poma
Nov 21, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Armin ZebischHeinz Sill
Oct 14, 2021·Pancreas·Arnav BhattacharyaSitaram Harihar
Aug 24, 2020·Biochemical Pharmacology·Francesca D'EsteValentina Rapozzi

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
GTPase

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