Robotic Guidance for the Insertion of Posterior Pedicle Screws: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

Operative Neurosurgery
Joshua E MeyersJohn Pollina

Abstract

Recent years have shown an increase in implementing robotics in surgical procedures. Utilizing robotic technology in spine surgery remains limited in comparison to other surgical fields. We present a surgical video of minimally invasive robotic-assisted insertion of posterior pedicle screws using the newest generation robotic technology (Mazor X, Mazor Robotics Ltd, Caesarea, Israel), in a 29-yr-old man who suffers from Grade I degenerative spondylolisthesis at L5-S1 levels and severe, right-sided foraminal stenosis. The plan was to perform anterior fusion at L5-S1 using robotic guidance with posterior pedicle screw supplementation due to his extensive smoking history. This technology has two distinct registration methods: (1) using a preoperative thin-cut computed tomography (CT) scan to create a surgical plan for screw placement; and (2) scan-and-plan using intraoperative 3-dimensional (3D) imaging to create a plan in real-time intraoperatively. We present the scan-and-plan technique. The widely used freehand technique allows the surgeon to manually direct tools and implants relying on the 6-degrees-of-freedom of the human arm. When Mazor X robotic technology is utilized, a pilot hole is drilled through a cannula docked to th...Continue Reading

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