Role and extent of lymphadenectomy during radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer.

Current Urology Reports
Robert S Svatek, Pascal Zehnder

Abstract

There is substantial variability in the extent of the node dissection performed during radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Here, we review the diagnostic assessment of lymph node metastasis and the prognostic and therapeutic benefit for pelvic node dissection for bladder cancer. A review of the applicable urologic literature regarding the topics of lymphadenectomy for bladder cancer was conducted. Nodal metastasis above a limited or standard template is not uncommon, with up to 16% of all nodal metastasis detected proximal to the aortic bifurcation. However, skip metastasis is extremely rare. Proteins associated purely with epithelial tissue such as cytokeratin (CK)-19, CK-20, and uroplakin II have been observed in reportedly negative nodal specimens, which indicates that routine microscopic analysis of nodal tissue may miss small foci of metastatic cancer. In addition to the surgical technique, the total number of lymph nodes removed is influenced by patient anatomy and pathologic processing and therefore may be unsuitable as a procedural quality statement. Consecutively, meticulous removal of tissue within a defined and uniformly applied template may be more relevant than absolute nodal count. Observational cohort series i...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 1, 2015·The Journal of Urology·Madhur NayanRobert J Hamilton
Mar 23, 2017·International Braz J Urol : Official Journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology·Leonardo L Monteiro, Wassim Kassouf

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