Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Dysfunction

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Mi ZhouJeffrey M Sundstrom

Abstract

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells maintain the health and functional integrity of both photoreceptors and the choroidal vasculature. Loss of RPE differentiation has long been known to play a critical role in numerous retinal diseases, including inherited rod-cone degenerations, inherited macular degeneration, age-related macular degeneration, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Recent studies in post-mortem eyes have found upregulation of critical epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) drivers such as TGF-β, Wnt, and Hippo. As RPE cells become less differentiated, they begin to exhibit the defining characteristics of mesenchymal cells, namely, the capacity to migrate and proliferate. A number of preclinical studies, including animal and cell culture experiments, also have shown that RPE cells undergo EMT. Taken together, these data suggest that RPE cells retain the reprogramming capacity to move along a continuum between polarized epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells. We propose that movement along this continuum toward a mesenchymal phenotype be defined as RPE Dysfunction. Potential mechanisms include impaired tight junctions, accumulation of misfolded proteins and dysregulation of several key pathways and molecules, ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 1, 2020·Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology·Anton LennikovHu Huang
Feb 10, 2021·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Seok Jae LeeJeong Hun Kim
Apr 20, 2021·Amino Acids·Jianhai DuJennifer R Chao
May 9, 2021·The British Journal of Ophthalmology·Rasha A AlshaikhChristian Waeber
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Aug 8, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Blanca Chinchilla, Rosario Fernandez-Godino
Aug 8, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Margherita SistoSabrina Lisi
Sep 11, 2021·Experimental Cell Research·Jie ZhangOdunayo O Mugisho
Oct 30, 2021·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Francesca CialdaiMatteo Lulli

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transmission electronic microscopy

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