Role of glial cells in the differentiation and function of myelinated axons

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience
J Rosenbluth

Abstract

Myelinated axons are highly differentiated in the vicinity of the node of Ranvier, both structurally and with respect to ion channel distribution. Evidence is reviewed showing that axonal differentiation depends upon two distinct types of interaction between glial cells and the axolemma, one at the node itself, with astrocyte processes, and the second, more extensive one, in the paranodal region, with oligodendrocyte processes. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells fulfill both roles. Glial or Schwann cell abnormalities, due to genetic deficiencies, diseases or experimental procedures, result in corresponding abnormalities in the axolemma and can have devastating effects on nerve fiber function. An example, the myelin-deficient mutant rat, is presented, and the defects underlying the profound and ultimately lethal neurological abnormalities seen in this mutant are discussed in relation to abnormalities in its axoglial interactions.

References

Jan 1, 1977·Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology·J M Ritchie, R B Rogart
Mar 1, 1979·Acta Physiologica Scandinavica·T Brismar
Oct 1, 1979·Journal of Neurocytology·J Rosenbluth
Nov 20, 1985·Neuroscience Letters·J Rosenbluth
Jul 1, 1966·Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical Sciences·A Peters
Jul 1, 1969·Journal of Ultrastructure Research·A Hirano, H M Dembitzer
Mar 16, 1981·Brain Research·J Rosenbluth
Dec 1, 1982·Journal of Neurocytology·A Hirano, H M Dembitzer
Oct 1, 1980·The Journal of Physiology·F J Sigworth
Dec 1, 1980·The Journal of Physiology·S Y Chiu
Aug 13, 1984·Brain Research·J H Tao-Cheng, J Rosenbluth
Aug 1, 1982·Journal of Neurocytology·M P DentingerC K Csiza
Sep 25, 1980·Nature·J D Kocsis, S G Waxman
May 15, 1949·The Journal of Physiology·A F Huxley, R Stämpfli

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 1, 1991·Journal of Neurocytology·N Shirasaki, J Rosenbluth
Jun 1, 1996·Journal of Neurocytology·S D NovakovicM H Ellisman
Mar 1, 1993·Progress in Neurobiology·C HildebrandC Bjartmar
May 1, 1996·Neurotoxicology and Teratology·W H HannemanS H Safe
Jan 1, 1990·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·J Rosenbluth
Jun 3, 2011·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Elizabeth D ButtermoreManzoor A Bhat
Aug 18, 2001·Current Biology : CB·P J Brophy
May 26, 2004·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Matthew N Rasband
Mar 1, 1990·The Anatomical Record·J RosenbluthM E Wolf
Oct 30, 2004·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Edgardo J ArroyoSteven S Scherer

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Birth Defects

Birth defects encompass structural and functional alterations that occur during embryonic or fetal development and are present since birth. The cause may be genetic, environmental or unknown and can result in physical and/or mental impairment. Here is the latest research on birth defects.

Astrocytes

Astrocytes are glial cells that support the blood-brain barrier, facilitate neurotransmission, provide nutrients to neurons, and help repair damaged nervous tissues. Here is the latest research.