Role of mitochondria and NADPH oxidase derived reactive oxygen species in hyperoxaluria induced nephrolithiasis: therapeutic intervention with combinatorial therapy of N-acetyl cysteine and Apocynin

Mitochondrion
Minu SharmaS K Singla

Abstract

The interactions between the main cellular sources of ROS, such as mitochondria and NADPH oxidase, are known to play an imperative role in the pathogenesis of hyperoxaluria-induced nephrolithiasis. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of a combinatorial therapy based on the attenuation of oxidative stress with antioxidant (N-acetyl cysteine), and NADPH oxidase inhibitor (apocynin), that might be required to effectively eliminate hyperoxaluric manifestations. Hyperoxaluria was induced in male Wistar rats by administering 0.4% ethylene glycol with 1% ammonium chloride in drinking water for 9 days. Hyperoxaluria accentuated renal oxidative stress in terms of increased ROS production and lipid peroxidation. Mitochondrial dysfunction, a central deleterious event in renal stone crystallization, was evident by decreased activities of electron transport chain complex I, II and IV, augmented mitochondrial ROS, reduced GSH/GSSG ratio, which resulted in the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening as indicated by increased mitochondrial swelling in hyperoxaluric rats. Furthermore, NADPH oxidase activity was significantly increased, with raised expression of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, p38MAPK and MnSO...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 22, 2017·Nature Reviews. Nephrology·Shrikant R Mulay, Hans-Joachim Anders
Oct 30, 2019·Future Medicinal Chemistry·Sunil Joshi, Saeed R Khan
Mar 28, 2020·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Kehua JiangFa Sun
Feb 12, 2017·International Urology and Nephrology·Taylan OksayAlper Özorak
Aug 2, 2018·Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry·Minu SharmaS K Singla

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