Role of noradrenergic and GABA-ergic inputs in pedunculopontine tegmentum for regulation of rapid eye movement sleep in rats

Neuropharmacology
Dinesh Pal, B N Mallick

Abstract

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disturbance is associated with several psycho-behavioral disorders, hence, it is important to understand its neural mechanism of regulation. Although it was known that the noradrenergic (NA-ergic) neurons from locus coeruleus (LC) project to the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT), the role of noradrenaline (NA) alone and in association with GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, in PPT for REM sleep regulation was not known and was investigated in this study in freely moving normally behaving rats. Rats were surgically prepared for electrophysiological sleep-wake recording and simultaneous bilateral microinjections into PPT. 200nl of prazosin (alpha1-antagonist) or clonidine (alpha2-agonist) or propranolol (beta-antagonist) or combination of picrotoxin (GABA-A antagonist) and clonidine or vehicle (control) was microinjected bilaterally into PPT using a remote-controlled pump and the effects on REM sleep compared. Prazosin, clonidine and propranolol increased the total time spent in REM sleep whereas co-injection of picrotoxin and clonidine did not affect REM sleep. The results suggest that NA in PPT tonically inhibits REM sleep, possibly by acting on the cholinergic REM-ON neurons, while GABA inhibit...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 20, 2012·Physiological Reviews·Ritchie E BrownRobert W McCarley
Nov 20, 2013·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Benjamin M LaitmanRichard J Ross
Nov 20, 2012·Sleep Medicine Clinics·Christopher J WatsonRalph Lydic
Apr 24, 2012·Progress in Neurobiology·Birendra Nath MallickMudasir Ahmad Khanday
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Mar 11, 2008·Behavioural Brain Research·Juliana C PerrySergio Tufik
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Jul 29, 2009·Journal of Sleep Research·Erna Sif ArnardottirThorarinn Gislason
Feb 23, 2007·Archives of Oral Biology·Gilles J LavigneBarry Sessle
Jan 1, 2015·Journal of Translational Internal Medicine·Abhishek Singh, Birendra Nath Mallick
Dec 10, 2016·The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry·Ilse S PienaarPhilip Winn
Oct 17, 2014·Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology·Dan M McEntireCharles F Youngblood
Dec 18, 2020·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Anjum ParkarDinesh Pal

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