Role of novel retroviruses in chronic liver disease: assessing the link of human betaretrovirus with primary biliary cirrhosis

Current Infectious Disease Reports
David Sharon, Andrew L Mason

Abstract

A human betaretrovirus resembling mouse mammary tumor virus has been characterized in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The agent triggers a disease-specific phenotype in vitro with aberrant cell-surface expression of mitochondrial antigens. The presentation of a usually sequestered self-protein is thought to lead to the loss of tolerance and the production of anti-mitochondrial antibodies associated with the disease. Similar observations have been made in mouse models, where mouse mammary tumor virus infection has been linked with the development of cholangitis and production of anti-mitochondrial antibodies. The use of combination antiretroviral therapy has been shown to impact on histological and biochemical disease in mouse models of autoimmune biliary disease and in clinical trials of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. However, the HIV protease inhibitors are not well tolerated in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, and more efficacious regimens will be required to clearly link reduction of viral load with improvement of cholangitis.

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Citations

Feb 24, 2016·Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs·Ahmad H AliKeith D Lindor
Jan 13, 2016·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Ellina LytvyakAndrew L Mason
Jun 8, 2017·United European Gastroenterology Journal·Maria Grazia ClementePatrizia Farci
Sep 12, 2019·Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology·Martin Wagner, Peter Fickert
Dec 14, 2016·Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics·A J Montano-LozaA L Mason
Oct 23, 2018·Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology·Andrew L Mason

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
PCR
biopsies
nucleic acid tests

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01614405

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