Role of Oxidative Stress in HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder and Protection by Gene Delivery of Antioxidant Enzymes

Antioxidants
Jean-Pierre Louboutin, David S Strayer

Abstract

HIV encephalopathy covers a range of HIV-1-related brain dysfunction. In the Central Nervous System (CNS), it is largely impervious to Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy (HAART). As survival with chronic HIV-1 infection improves, the number of people harboring the virus in their CNS increases. Neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory changes may continue despite the use of HAART. Neurons themselves are rarely infected by HIV-1, but HIV-1 infects resident microglia, periventricular macrophages, leading to increased production of cytokines and to release of HIV-1 proteins, the most likely neurotoxins, among which are the envelope glycoprotein gp120 and HIV-1 trans-acting protein Tat. Gp120 and Tat induce oxidative stress in the brain, leading to neuronal apoptosis/death. We review here the role of oxidative stress in animal models of HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) and in patients with HAND. Different therapeutic approaches, including clinical trials, have been used to mitigate oxidative stress in HAND. We used SV40 vectors for gene delivery of antioxidant enzymes, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), or glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) into the rat caudate putamen (CP). Intracerebral injection of SV (SOD1) or SV (GPx...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 27, 2017·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·Guoku HuShilpa Buch
Nov 27, 2016·Glia·Natalie C ChenJulio Martín-García
Dec 29, 2016·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·Ravikumar AalinkeelSupriya D Mahajan
Nov 18, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ian Simon OlivierVinogran Naidoo
May 31, 2018·Journal of Neurology·David Castanedo-VazquezJavier Riancho
Oct 28, 2020·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·Linda ChangJohnny J He
Jan 7, 2021·Free Radical Research·Hung-Chi YangDaniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
Nov 12, 2020·Biomedicines·Venkata Viswanadh EdaraKathleen Borgmann

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
MDA

Software Mentioned

HAND

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