PMID: 9449010Feb 4, 1998Paper

Role of personality self-organization in development of mental order and disorder

Development and Psychopathology
C R CloningerD M Svrakic

Abstract

Normal and abnormal personality development can be quantified in terms of 15 specific steps in the self-organization of character as a complex adaptive system. Character is measured as three dimensions of Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence, each with five components corresponding to steps in personality development. Each of these steps is differentially influenced by heritable temperament dimensions, antecedent steps in character development, and life experiences. Predictions about the nonlinear dynamics of personality development, such as equifinality and multifinality, are confirmed in longitudinal data about individuals representative of the general population. The stepwise development of character determines large differences between individuals in their risk of psychopathology, as well as varying degrees of maturity and health.

Citations

Sep 4, 2009·Journal of Religion and Health·Marc GalanterMary Jane Alexander
Feb 19, 2004·European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·Mona EklundAnita Bengtsson-Tops
Apr 5, 2001·Psychiatry Research·A B VedeniapinC R Cloninger
Apr 18, 2002·Psychiatry Research·John N ConstantinoThomas Przybeck
Jul 9, 2008·Development and Psychopathology·Theodore P BeauchaineLisa Gatzke-Kopp
Oct 25, 2011·Development and Psychopathology·Theodore P BeauchaineNatalia Potapova
Jul 25, 2013·Development and Psychopathology·Kim JosefssonLiisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
Apr 1, 2002·Acta Neuropsychiatrica·C Robert Cloninger
Sep 10, 2008·Psychological Assessment·Richard F Farmer, Lewis R Goldberg
May 21, 1999·The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry·C R Cloninger
Jul 3, 2007·Journal of Personality Assessment·Marshall L Silverstein
Jul 18, 2002·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Sylvana CôtéFrank Vitaro
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Jun 12, 2012·Comprehensive Psychiatry·Paulo A MoreiraC Robert Cloninger
Nov 21, 2014·The Journal of Sexual Medicine·Maria Luiza S do AmaralMarco de Tubino Scanavino
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