Role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in modulating hypothalamic-pituitary system

Reproductive Medicine and Biology
Aki OrideSatoru Kyo

Abstract

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a multifunctional peptide that is isolated and identified from the ovine hypothalamus, whose effects and mechanisms have been elucidated in numerous studies. The PACAP and its receptor are widely expressed, not only in the hypothalamus but also in peripheral organs. The studies on the role of PACAP in the hypothalamic-pituitary system, including those by the authors, were summarized. In the pituitary gonadotrophs, PACAP increases the gonadotrophin α-, luteinizing hormoneβ-, and follicle-stimulating hormone β-subunit expression and the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor and its own receptor, PAC1R. Moreover, a low-frequency GnRH pulse increases the expression of PACAP and PAC1R more than a high-frequency GnRH pulse in the gonadotrophs. The PACAP stimulates prolactin synthesis and secretion and increases PAC1R in the lactotrophs. In the hypothalamus, PACAP increases the expression of the GnRH receptors, although it is unable to increase the expression of GnRH in the GnRH-producing neurons. The PACAP not only acts directly in each hormone-producing cell, it possibly might regulate hormone synthesis via the expression of its own receptors or tho...Continue Reading

References

Feb 1, 1990·Endocrine Reviews·S D GharibW W Chin
Oct 16, 1989·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·A MiyataD H Coy
May 7, 1971·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·A H TashjianD K Jensen
Sep 24, 1969·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·K FolkersA V Schally
Dec 1, 1971·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·L S JacobsW H Daughaday
Jan 1, 1995·Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes : Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association·S BenterH Jarry
Dec 26, 1996·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·M HezarehS R Rawlings
Aug 26, 1998·Regulatory Peptides·K FilipssonB Ahrén
Feb 3, 1999·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·A Radleff-SchlimmeH Jarry
Jun 12, 1999·Developmental Biology·C BriskenC J Ormandy

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.