Role of the lesion scar in the response to damage and repair of the central nervous system.

Cell and Tissue Research
Hitoshi KawanoGeoffrey Raisman

Abstract

Traumatic damage to the central nervous system (CNS) destroys the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and provokes the invasion of hematogenous cells into the neural tissue. Invading leukocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes secrete various cytokines that induce an inflammatory reaction in the injured CNS and result in local neural degeneration, formation of a cystic cavity and activation of glial cells around the lesion site. As a consequence of these processes, two types of scarring tissue are formed in the lesion site. One is a glial scar that consists in reactive astrocytes, reactive microglia and glial precursor cells. The other is a fibrotic scar formed by fibroblasts, which have invaded the lesion site from adjacent meningeal and perivascular cells. At the interface, the reactive astrocytes and the fibroblasts interact to form an organized tissue, the glia limitans. The astrocytic reaction has a protective role by reconstituting the BBB, preventing neuronal degeneration and limiting the spread of damage. While much attention has been paid to the inhibitory effects of the astrocytic component of the scars on axon regeneration, this review will cover a number of recent studies in which manipulations of the fibroblastic component of th...Continue Reading

References

Apr 24, 1991·Brain Research. Developmental Brain Research·K AbnetS B Dunnett
Feb 1, 1992·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·H IkedaC H Wu
Jun 26, 1990·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·W L MaxwellM Berry
Jun 26, 1990·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·W L MaxwellM Berry
Jan 1, 1987·Journal of Cellular Physiology. Supplement·H L MosesJ Keski-Oja
Feb 18, 1985·Brain Research·A J Mathewson, M Berry
Jan 1, 1983·Acta neurochirurgica. Supplementum·M BerryG H Thomas
Jan 1, 1993·Journal of Neurotrauma·A NishinoT Yoshimoto
Oct 1, 1995·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·G Struckhoff
Dec 1, 1995·Journal of Neurotrauma·S L Semple-RowlandW J Streit
Jun 1, 1996·Trends in Neurosciences·J Nicholls, N Saunders
Aug 1, 1996·Trends in Neurosciences·J E Merrill, E N Benveniste
Sep 2, 1998·Cell and Tissue Research·C C Stichel, H W Müller
Mar 3, 1999·The European Journal of Neuroscience·C C StichelH W Müller
Oct 3, 1999·Experimental Neurology·A LoganM Berry
Jan 15, 2000·Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology·S Hirsch, M Bähr
Sep 8, 2001·Progress in Brain Research·R A AsherJ W Fawcett
Sep 8, 2001·Cell and Tissue Research·M C Shearer, J W Fawcett
Jan 29, 2002·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Alexander SeitzEllen Heber-Katz
Feb 8, 2002·Molecular Neurobiology·P M LenzlingerT K McIntosh

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 16, 2012·Cell and Tissue Research·H W MüllerM Bähr
Jul 19, 2013·Neuroscience Bulletin·Yi-Min Yuan, Cheng He
Apr 20, 2013·BMC Biology·Vladimir S MashanovJosé E García-Arrarás
Mar 14, 2014·PloS One·Thomas BirngruberFrank Sinner
Apr 25, 2014·PloS One·Jong-Ho ChaKyu-Won Kim
Aug 2, 2013·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Ina B WannerMichael V Sofroniew
Sep 4, 2012·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Arpád DobolyiGábor Lovas
Mar 1, 2014·International Journal of Medical Sciences·Lijie HuangKunlin Jin
Sep 11, 2012·Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews·Ensanya A Abou NeelJung Keun Hyun
May 8, 2014·Stem Cells and Development·Mallappa K KolarLev N Novikov
Jun 25, 2014·Neuroscience Bulletin·Dingding ShenXiaosong Gu
Jan 21, 2014·Molecular Neurobiology·Maria Teresa Viscomi, Marco Molinari
Jan 6, 2016·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Libing YeHongyu Zhang
Jan 15, 2013·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Rosalia CrupiEmanuela Esposito
Mar 5, 2016·Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine·Sergiy V KushchayevMark C Preul
Feb 1, 2015·Experimental Neurology·Benjamin M AertkerCharles S Cox
Jul 22, 2014·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Sandrine JolyVincent Pernet
Oct 15, 2013·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Giuseppe A MalfaMarcella Renis
Mar 18, 2015·Animal Science Journal = Nihon Chikusan Gakkaihō·Ryosuke NakamuraShigeharu Fukunaga
Jun 20, 2014·Brain Pathology·Francisco Fernández-Klett, Josef Priller
Apr 24, 2014·Biomaterials·Kelsey A Potter-BakerJeffrey R Capadona
Oct 16, 2014·Behavioural Brain Research·Régis Gemerasca MestrinerCarlos Alexandre Netto
Apr 22, 2015·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Michael V Sofroniew
Apr 2, 2016·The International Journal of Neuroscience·Sarika Singh, Neeraj Joshi
May 11, 2013·Journal of Neuroscience Methods·Casey T JowersIain A Anderson
Mar 6, 2015·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Oscar A Carballo-Molina, Iván Velasco

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
xylotransferase-1
glycosylation

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Astrocytes

Astrocytes are glial cells that support the blood-brain barrier, facilitate neurotransmission, provide nutrients to neurons, and help repair damaged nervous tissues. Here is the latest research.

Blood Brain Barrier & Cytokines

Some cytokines are able to cross the blood brain barrier through transport systems and enter the cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid spaces. Here is the latest research on cytokines crossing the blood brain barrier and how this can affect tissues within the CNS.

Blood Brain Barrier

The blood brain barrier is a border that separates blood from cerebrospinal fluid. Discover the latest search on this highly selective semipermeable membrane here.

Astrocytes in Repair & Regeneration

Astrocytes are glial cells found within the CNS and are able to regenerate new neurons. They become activated during CNS injury and disease. The activation leads to the transcription of new genes and the repair and regeneration of neurons. Discover the latest research on astrocytes in repair and regeneration here.

Astrocytes & Neurodegeneration

Astrocytes are important for the health and function of the central nervous system. When these cells stop functioning properly, either through gain of function or loss of homeostatic controls, neurodegenerative diseases can occur. Here is the latest research on astrocytes and neurodegeneration.

Blood Brain Barrier Regulation in Health & Disease

The blood brain barrier is essential in regulating the movement of molecules and substances in and out of the brain. Disruption to the blood brain barrier and changes in permeability allow pathogens and inflammatory molecules to cross the barrier and may play a part in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Here is the latest research in this field.

Blood Brain Barrier Chips

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is comprised of endothelial cells that regulate the influx and outflux of plasma concentrations. Lab-on-a-chip devices allow scientists to model diseases and mechanisms such as the passage of therapeutic antibodies across the BBB. Discover the latest research on BBB chips here.