Role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in chemotherapy-induced mucositis

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology
S KhanJoanne M Bowen

Abstract

Despite significant advances in our ability to treat cancer, cytotoxic chemotherapy continues to be the mainstay treatment for many solid tumours. Chemotherapy is commonly associated with a raft of largely manageable adverse events; however, gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity (also termed mucositis) remains a significant challenge with little in the way of preventative and therapeutic options. The inability to manage GI complications likely reflects our incomplete understanding of its aetiology and the idiosyncrasies of each chemotherapeutic agent. This review highlights aims to provide a narrative for the involvement of Toll-like receptor (TLR4) in the development of chemotherapy-induced GI mucositis, an already emerging theme within this field. Particular focus will be placed upon the signalling interaction between TLR4 and interleukin (IL)-6. This parallels recent preclinical findings showing that TLR4 knockout mice, which are protected from developing severe GI mucositis, completely lack an IL-6 response. As such, we suggest that this signalling pathway presents as a novel mechanism with potential for therapeutic intervention.

References

Apr 1, 1997·Clinical Science·D M KeefeR E Sage
Apr 2, 2004·Nature Reviews. Cancer·Stephen T Sonis
Aug 13, 2004·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Hilmar WisplinghoffMichael B Edmond
Apr 14, 2005·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Masayuki FukataMaria T Abreu
Feb 21, 2006·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Giovanni BrandiGuido Biasco
Sep 21, 2007·Cancer Biology & Therapy·Joanne M BowenDorothy M K Keefe
Feb 12, 2008·Trends in Molecular Medicine·Willscott E Naugler, Michael Karin
Jun 7, 2008·Cancer Biology & Therapy·Richard M LoganDorothy M K Keefe
Jul 23, 2008·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·Stephan SpillerCarsten J Kirschning
Oct 18, 2008·Cancer Biology & Therapy·Andrea M StringerDorothy M K Keefe
Jan 16, 2009·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·Pierre N M DemackerJohannes M W van den Ouweland
Sep 22, 2009·International Journal of Experimental Pathology·Andrea M StringerDorothy M K Keefe
Dec 15, 2010·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Claire J GreenhillBrendan J Jenkins
Oct 20, 2011·Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·D E PetersonUNKNOWN ESMO Guidelines Working Group
Sep 17, 2011·International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry·Thais Morales-RojasAlejandra Alvarez
Oct 1, 2011·The Journal of Pathology·Agnieszka KaczmarekDmitri V Krysko
Mar 13, 2013·Experimental Biology and Medicine·Daniel W ThorpeRachel J Gibson
Dec 7, 2013·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Hannah R WardillJoanne M Bowen
Mar 13, 2014·Cancer·Rajesh V LallaUNKNOWN Mucositis Guidelines Leadership Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer and International Societ
Mar 13, 2014·Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·M G RedmanR S Phillips
Jan 16, 2015·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Magdalena FrankElke Cario
Jul 7, 2015·Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics·E MontassierD Knights
Aug 1, 2015·Microbiology·Silvia H S P PedrosoFlaviano S Martins
Oct 7, 2015·Supportive Care in Cancer : Official Journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer·Hannah R WardillRachel J Gibson
Dec 9, 2015·Clinical Nutrition : Official Journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Masaaki MotooriMasato Sakon
Dec 17, 2015·Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology·Venúcia B M PereiraRoberto C P Lima-Júnior
Mar 18, 2016·Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care·Elke Cario

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 24, 2019·Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology·Deysi Viviana Tenazoa WongRoberto César Pereira Lima-Júnior
Jul 4, 2021·British Journal of Pharmacology·Deysi Viviana Tenazoa WongRoberto César Pereira Lima-Júnior

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine : Official Publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology
Andrea M Stringer, Richard M Logan
Seminars in Oncology Nursing
Dorothy M K KeefeMartin Hauer-Jensen
International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer
Hannah R WardillJoanne M Bowen
Advance for NPs & PAs
Diana Stindt, M Jay Brown
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved