Role of wound macrophages in skin flap loss or survival in an experimental diabetes model

The British Journal of Surgery
Christoph SchürmannStefan Frank

Abstract

Tightly controlled wound inflammation is a central determinant of skin flap survival in healthy mice. This study investigated inflammatory response patterns in caudally pedicled skin flaps in diabetic mice during severely impaired conditions of necrotic skin flap tissue loss. Skin flap biopsies were analysed by RNase protection assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. Skin flaps were characterized by the necrotic loss of tissue starting from distal areas of the flaps in diabetic mice. Decay of epidermal and dermal structures within skin flap tissue was paralleled by an immune cell-mediated expression of chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein 2, macrophage chemoattractant protein 1), cyclo-oxygenase (COX) 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Distal regions of necrotic skin flap tissue were infiltrated by excess numbers of neutrophils and macrophages, and the latter were polarized towards a proinflammatory state as they expressed COX-2 and iNOS. Experimental depletion of inflammatory macrophages inhibited necrotic destruction of the distal skin flap tissue in diabetic mice despite the persistence of neutrophil infiltration an...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 22, 2011·Lasers in Medical Science·Ivaldo Esteves JuniorHelio Plapler
Jul 22, 2014·Journal of Cranio-maxillo-facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery·Christoph SchürmannStefan Frank
Aug 16, 2011·Journal of Cranio-maxillo-facial Surgery : Official Publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery·Oliver SeitzRobert Sader
May 11, 2012·The Journal of Investigative Dermatology·Qing LinShao Bo Su
May 25, 2013·Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira·Flávio Pola dos ReisAntonio Ricardo de Toledo Gagliardi
Mar 29, 2011·Expert Review of Dermatology·Aleah L BrubakerElizabeth J Kovacs

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