Roles of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-I binding protein-2 (IGFBP2) and -5 (IGFBP5) in developing chick limbs

Growth Hormone & IGF Research : Official Journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society
K McQueeney, C N Dealy

Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the IGF-I binding proteins (IGFBPs) which modulate IGF-I action have been implicated in the development of the vertebrate limbs and skeleton. We have examined the distribution of IGF-I, IGFBP2 and IGFBP5 in developing chick limb buds and have investigated their functional roles and relationships during chick limb development. IGF-I and IGFBP2 are co-expressed throughout the lateral plate from which limbs form, although IGFBP2, unlike IGF-I, does not promote formation of rudimentary limb buds from non-limb-forming flank regions in vitro. During limb outgrowth, IGF-I is present in non-AER limb ectoderm, but little IGF-I is present in the AER itself, suggesting that restriction of endogenous IGF-I activity may be required for proper AER function. Consistent with this possibility, the ectoderm of mutant limbless and wingless wing buds, which fail to form an AER, continues to express IGF-I. We also found that the AER contains abundant IGFBP2 but that IGFBP2 is not present in limb subridge mesoderm. In contrast, IGFBP2 is present in the distal mesoderm of mutant limbless or wingless limb buds, which fail to grow out. This suggests that attenuation of IGFBP2 expression is controlled by the AER ...Continue Reading

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